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Carrie Buck and Emma Buck, 1924
Carrie Elizabeth Buck was born in Charlottesville in 1906 and placed with a foster family at age three. Her foster parents took her out of school after sixth grade to perform housework for them. In 1923 she became pregnant after her foster parents'…
Carrie's baby (Vivian), Charlottesville, with Mrs. John Dobbs, 1924
Mrs. John Dobbs was the foster mother of Vivian Buck, Carrie's daughter. To demonstrate that the infant was an imbecile, like her mother and grandmother, Mrs. Dobbs waved a coin in front of Vivian's face and determined that the infant could not…
Judge Leon M. Bazile, Indictment for Felony
"Almighty God created the races white, black, yellow, malay and red, and he placed them on separate continents. And but for the interference with his arrangement there would be no cause for such marriages. The fact that he separated the races shows…
Petition of Robert Wright seeking divorce from Mary Godsey
Robert Wright, a free black, married Mary Godsey, a white woman, in 1806. In January 1815 she eloped with a white man, taking with her a slave and other property. Wright overtook the couple and persuaded his wife to return. That November, she fled…
"The New Virginia Law to Preserve Racial Integrity"
In the Virginia Law to Preserve Racial Integrity, "white" persons were defined as those with "no trace whatsoever of any blood other than Caucasian" or "one-sixteenth or less of the blood of the American Indian." The second part of the definition was…
Circular Letter to "Local Registrars, Clerks, Legislators, and others responsible for, and interested in, the prevention of racial intermixture," from Walter A. Plecker, State Registrar of Vital Statistics, Richmond
In a 1943 letter to local registrars, clerks, and legislators, Plecker asserted, "[T]here does not exist today a descendant of Virginia ancestors claiming to be an Indian who is unmixed with negro blood."